1,2,4-三氮唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶类衍生物的研究进展

本文概述了三氮唑并嘧啶磺酰胺、三氮唑并嘧啶硫代乙酰芳胺和三氮唑并嘧啶硫醚等三个系列的三氮唑并嘧啶类衍生物的国内外最新研究进展。     

pH值对光合细菌利用乙酸(钠)产氢的影响

详细考察了pH值对光合细菌利用乙酸(钠)产氢的影响作用.研究结果表明,光合细菌利用乙酸(钠)产氢的最佳pH值为6.80;在最佳pH值下,乙酸(钠)的降解率为99.3%,氢气的转化率为0.91 mol H2/mol 乙酸,最大比产氢速度为34.6 mL/(g-VSS·d),能量转化率为22.8%.     

D-氨基酸氧化酶的研究进展

D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)是一种以黄素腺嘌呤(FAD)为辅基的典型的黄素蛋白酶类.DAAO可氧化D-氨基酸生成相应的酮酸和氨.介绍了D-氨基酸氧化酶的研究现状,包括在自然界的分布、生理功能、生物学特性、催化机理、基因克隆和序列分析以及基因表达.     

生物栅净化富营养化水体的试验

采用生物栅技术处理上海市某一呈富营养化状态的河水。处理装置的9个廊道并联运行,连续进出水,平均每池处理水量为4.4 t/d。试验主要对比生物栅填料分别为球形填料、悬浮填料和组合填料时,对水体CODCr、SS、TN和TP等的去除效果,并分析了不同填料生物膜的微生物的数量变化。悬浮填料生物栅对CODCr、SS、TN、TP的去除率分别为33%～84%、42%～82%、6%～25%、15%～40%;组合填料生物栅分别为41%～79%、50%～93%、7%～28%、17%～44%;球形填料生物栅分别为34%～67%、34%～70%、5%～21%、10%～28%。结果表明组合填料生物栅和悬浮填料生物栅的污染去除效果优于球形填料。微生物测试结果表明,生物栅填料可以显著增加异养细菌特别是硝化细菌的数量,增强污染净化效果。     

天津爱普生有限公司油墨废水处理方案及运行情况

天津爱普生有限公司废水治理工程设计水量5t／d，废水浓度高，水质、水量变化大。采用水解酸化-生物接触氧化处理工艺对天津爱普生有限公司废水进行处理，进水CODCr，平均为2500mg／L左右，CODCr去除率≥90％，排水各项指标均符合国家污水综合排放标准GB8978-1996的二级排放要求。     

上下向流BAF处理化肥厂工业废水的中试研究

同时运行两套60L/h的曝气生物滤池(BAF)中试装置处理化肥厂工业废水.数据表明上向流工艺比下向流工艺有更好的COD和氨氮去除率.当COD负荷在3.49kg/(m3·d)时,上向流出水COD为45mg/L,去除率为89.5%;当氨氮负荷为0.4kg/(m3·d)时,上向流出水的氨氮为8mg/L,达到了循环冷却水回用指标.而相应的下向流出水COD和氨氮分别为123mg/L和15mg/L.     

新型生物农药藤黄绿脓菌素

藤黄绿脓菌素（Plt）是由一些特定的假单胞菌属产生的一种聚酮类代谢物。综合评述了Plt作为生物农药的发展状况，着重介绍了plt的理化性质、生物合成途径与代谢调控机理以及plt作为新型生物农药的应用，指出目前研究中存在的问题，并展望未来的研究方向。     

Biomimetic Polymer Nanostructures by Injection Molding

The nanometer scale topography of self‐assembling structural protein complexes in animals is believed to induce favorable cell responses. An important example of such nanostructured biological complexes is fibrillar collagen that possesses a cross‐striation structure with a periodicity of 69 nm and a peak‐to‐valley distance of 4–6 nm. Bovine collagen type I was assembled into fibrillar structures in vitro and sedimented onto solid supports. Their structural motif was transferred into a nickel replica by physical vapor deposition of a small‐grained metal layer followed by galvanic plating. The resulting inverted nickel structure was found to faithfully present most of the micrometer and nanometer scale topography of the biological original. This nickel replica was used as a die for the injection molding of a range of different thermoplastic polymers. Total injection molding cycle times were in the range of 30–45 seconds. One of the polymer materials investigated, polyethylene, displayed poor replication of the biological nanotopographical motif. However, the majority of the polymers showed very high replication fidelity as witnessed by their ability to replicate the cross‐striation features of less than 5 nm height difference. The latter group of materials includes poly(propylene), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(L ‐lactic acid), polycaprolactone, and a copolymer of cyclic and linear olefins (COC). This work suggests that the current limiting factor for the injection molding of nanometer scale topography in thermoplastic polymers lies with the grain size of the initial metal coating of the mold rather than the polymers themselves.

     

“十一五”我国石油替代和再生能源部分产品发展分析

能源多元化对保障国家能源安全,紧跟世界能源发展趋势,及时转变能源发展战略的意义重大。分类讨论替代燃料,分析其发展态势和需要的支撑条件。     

Enzymic adaptations in leaf-feeding insects to host-plant allelochemicals

Herbivorous insects have the capacity to develop behavioral, physiological, and biochemical resistance mechanisms in response to chemical selection pressures. Among natural insect-plant associations, there are several cases of target-site insensitivity to and enhanced metabolism of plant allelochemicals. There are also known instances of physiological defenses such as extra rapid excretion or storage of toxic compounds. Multiple defenses seem to be prevalent in natural insect-plant interactions that involve toxic compounds, possibly reflecting the long time these interactions have had to evolve compared to insect-synthetic insecticide interactions. Synthetic insecticides were introduced about 45 years ago. Until recently they have been used as single-active-component preparations. As such, they have been and are very effective in producing insect populations with enhanced detoxification ability and target-site insensitivity. Most insecticide-resistant insect populations have one major defense mechanism. This feature makes the synthetic insecticides very useful tools for studies of insect defenses against toxic chemicals. Information gained from studies with insecticides can shed light on the capabilities of insects to adapt to toxicants in their environment. In assessing the validity of work with synthetic insecticides for natural systems, the fundamental differences between these substances and allelochemicals, and in their presentation to the insects, must, however, be considered. The prevalence of multiple defenses and reliance on modified physiological processes in natural interactions may reflect different properties of the natural chemicals in being generally highly biodegradable and often less acutely toxic than synthetic insecticides. In many cases, the plant allelochemicals are presented to the insects as mixtures. It is, however, to be expected that pest insects will evolve effective multiple defenses against synthetic insecticides. About 20% of all resistant populations have already developed multiple defenses, in most cases combinations of enhanced metabolism and target-site insensitivity. This implies that current crop protection practices need to be modified to ensure the continued usefulness of synthetic insecticides. To achieve this, it is important to study intensively not only insect-insecticide interactions but also the interactions operating in natural insect-plant associations.